OBSERVATORIO
HIDRATACIÓN Y SALUD SALA DE PRENSA PROFESIONALES DE LA SALUD
           
 
 
 
 
Bibliografía

Existen multitud de estudios que analizan aspectos relacionados con la hidratación. A continuación se detalla un listado de estudios agrupados por temas.

DESHIDRATACIÓN, SIGNOS Y SINTOMAS

Adolph EF. Signs and symptoms of desert dehydration. In: Adolph EF, ed. Physiology of Man in the Desert. New York: Intersciences Publishers. 1947a; Pp. 226–40
 
Ahlman K, Karvonen MJ. Weight reduction by sweating in wrestlers, and its effect on physical fitness. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1961; 1:58–62

Armstrong LE, Hubbard RW, Szlyk PC, Matthew WT, Sils IV. Voluntary dehydration and electrolyte losses during prolonged exercise in the heat. Aviat Space Environ Med 1985; 56:765–70.

Armstrong LE, Pumerantz AC, Fiala KA, Roti MW, Kavouras SA, Casa DJ, Maresh CM. Human hydration indices: acute and longitudinal reference values. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2010 Apr;20(2):145-53.

Baker LB, Conroy DE, Kenney WL. Dehydration impairs vigilance-related attention in male basketball players. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2007; 39(6): 976-83

Bar-Or O, Dotan R, Inbar O, Rotshtein A, Zonder H. Voluntary hypohydration in 10 to 12 year old boys. J Appl Physiol 1980; 48:104–8.

Bar-Or O, Blimkie CJR, Hay JA, MacDougall JD, Ward DS, Wilson WM. Voluntary dehydration and heat intolerance in cystic fibrosis. Lancet 1992; 339:696–9.

Bartok C, Schoeller DA, Randall-Clark R, Sullivan JC, Landry GL. The effect of dehydration on wrestling minimum weight assessment. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36:160–7.

Bass DE, Henschel A. Responses of body fluid compartments to heat and cold. Physiol Rev 1956; 36:128–44
 
Brown AH. Dehydration exhaustion. In: Adolph EF, ed. Physiology of Man in the Desert. New York: Intersciences Publishers. 1947a; Pp. 208–25.

Cian C, Barraud PA, Merlin B, Raphael C. Effects of fluid ingestion on cognitive function after heat stress or exercise-induced dehydration. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2001; 42(3): 243-51

D’Anci KE, Constant F, Rosenberg IH. Hydration and cognitive function in children. Nutr. Rev. 2006; 64(10 Pt 1): 457-64

Francesconi RP, Hubbard RW, Szlyk PC, Schnakenberg D, Carlson D, Leva N, Sils I, Hubbard L, Pease V, Young J, Moore D. Urinary and hematologic indexes of hypohydration. J Appl Physiol 1987; 62:1271–76.

Gehi MM, Rosenthal RH, Fizette NB, Crowe LR, Webb WL.Psychiatric manifestations of hyponatremia. Psychosomatics 1981; 22:739–43

Jacobs I. The effects of thermal dehydration on performance of the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Int J Sports Med 1980; 1:21–24

Keith NM. Experimental dehydration: Changes in blood composition and body temperature. Am J Physiol 1924; 68:80–96.

Kimura T, Minai K, Matsui K, Mouri T, Sato T, Yoshinaga K, Hoshi T. Effect of various states of hydration on plasma ADH and renin in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1976; 42:79–87.

Lax D, Eicher M, Goldberg SJ. Mild dehydration induces echocardiographic signs of mitral valve prolapse in healthy females with prior normal cardiac findings. Am Heart J 1992; 124:1533–40.

Lecerf JM. Hydration and its effects on health. Servir. 2005 Sept – Oct; 53(5): 248-54.

Leoni GB, Pitzalis S, Podda R, Zanda M, Silvetti M, Caocci L, Cao A, Rosatelli MC. A specific cystic fibrosis mutation (T338I) associated with the phenotype of isolated hypotonic dehydration. J Pediatr 1995; 127:281–3

Manz F, Wentz A. The importance of good hydration for the prevention of chronic diseases. Nutr. Rev 2005; 63 (6 Pt 2): S2-5

Morimoto A, Murakami N, Ono T, Watanabe T. Dehydration enhances endotoxin fever by increased production of endogenous pyrogen. Am J Physiol 1986; 251:R41–R47.

O’Brien C, Montain SJ. Hypohydration effect on finger skin temperature and blood flow during cold-water finger immersion. J Appl Physiol 2003; 94:598–603.

Petri NM, Dropulic N, Kardum G. Effects of voluntary fluid intake deprivation on mental and psychomotor performance. Croat. Med. J. 2006; 47(6): 855-61

Remick D, Chancellor K, Pederson J, Zambraski EJ, Sawka MN, Wenger CB. Hyperthermia and dehydration-related deaths associated with intentional rapid weight loss in three collegiate wrestlers—North Carolina, Wisconsin, and Michigan, November–December 1997. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1998; 47:105–8.

Richmond CA. Effects of hydration on febrile temperature patterns in rabbits. Biol Res Nurs 2001; 2:277–291.

Ritz P, Berrut G. 2005. The importance of good hydration for day-to-day health. Nutr. Rev. 2005; 63(6 Pt 2): S6-13

Scales K, Pilsworth J. The importance of fluid balance in clinical practice. Nurs Stand. 2008 Jul 30 – Aug 5; 22(47): 50-7.

Senay LC Jr, Christensen ML. Changes in blood plasma during progressive dehydration. J Appl Physiol 1965; 20:1136–40.

Share L, Claybaugh JR, Hatch FE Jr, Johnson JG, Lee S, Muirhead EE, Shaw P. Effects of change in posture and of sodium depletion on plasma levels of vasopressin and renin in normal human subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1972; 35:171–4.

Ship JA, Fischer DJ. The relationship between dehydration and parotid salivary gland function in young and older healthy adults. J Gerontol 1997; 52A:M310–M319.

Szinnai G, Schachinger H, Arnaud MJ, Linder L, Keller U. Effect of water deprivation on cognitive-motor performance in healthy men and women. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2005; 289(1): R275-80

Tomporowski PD, Beasman K, Ganio MS, Cureton K. Effects of dehydration and fluid ingestion on cognition. Int. J. Sports Medicine 2007; 28(10): 891-6

Torranin C, Smith DP, Byrd RJ. The effect of acute thermal dehydration and rapid rehydration on isometric and isotonic endurance. J Sports Med 1979; 19:1–9.

Tuttle WW. The effect of weight loss by dehydration and the withholding of food on the physiologic responses of wrestlers. Res Q 1943; 14:158–66.

Walsh NP, Montague JC, Callow N, Rowlands AV. Saliva flow rate, total protein concentration and osmolality as potential markers of whole body hydration status during progressive acute dehydration in humans. Arch Oral Biol 2004; 49:149–54.

Wilson MM, Morley JE. Impaired cognitive function and mental performance in mild hydration. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57 Suppl 2: S24-9

FISIOLOGÍA, REGULACIÓN DEL AGUA

Adler S. Hyponatremia and rhabdomyolysis: A possible relationship. South Med J 1980; 73:511–3.

Adolph EF. The metabolism and distribution of water in body and tissues. Physiol Rev 1933; 13:336–71.

Adolph EF. Urinary excretion of water and solutes. In: Adolph EF, ed. Physiology of Man in the Desert. New York: Intersciences Publishers. 1947b; Pp. 96–109

Adolph EF, Wills JH. Thirst. In: Adolph EF, ed. Physiology of Man in the Desert. New York: Intersciences Publishers. 1947; Pp. 241–53

Agren J, Stromberg B, Sedin G. Evaporation rate and skin blood flow in full term infants nursed in a warm environment before and after feeding cold water. Acta Paediatr 1997; 86:1085–9

Altman PL. 1961. Blood and Other Body Fluids. Washington, DC: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

Anderson B. Regulation of water intake. Physiol Rev. 1978; 58:582-601

Andreoli TE, Reeves WB, Bichet DG. Endocrine control of water balance. In: Fray JCS, Goodman HM, eds. Handbook of Physiology, Section 7, Volume III: Endocrine Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Balance. New York: Oxford University Press. 2000; Pp. 530–69.

Armstrong LE, Maresh CM, Castellani JW, Bergeron MF, Kenefick RW, LaGasse KE, Riebe D. Urinary indicies of hydration status. Int J Sport Nutr 1994; 4:265–79.

Baird IM, Walters RL, Davies PS, Hill MJ, Drasar BS, Southgate DAT. The effects of two dietary fiber supplements on gastrointestinal transit, stool weight and frequency, and bacterial flora, and fecal bile acids in normal subjects. Metabolism 1977; 26:117–28.

Barr SI, Costill DL, Fink WJ. Fluid replacement during prolonged exercise: Effects of water, saline, or no fluid. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1991; 23:811–17.

Bass DE, Henschel A. Responses of body fluid compartments to heat and cold. Physiol Rev 1956; 36:128–44.

Bitterman WA, Farhadian H, Abu Samra C, Lerner D, Amoun H, Krapf D, Makov UE. Environmental and nutritional factors significantly associated with cancer of the urinary tract among different ethnic groups. Urol Clin North Amer 1991; 18:501–8.

Blanc S, Normand S, Ritz P, Pachiaudi C, Vico L, Gharib C, Gauquelin-Koch G. Energy and water metabolism, body composition, and hormonal changes induced by 42 days of enforced inactivity and simulated weightlessness. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:4289–97.

Blatteis CM. Fever. In: Blatteis CM, ed. Physiology and Pathophysiology of Temperature Regulation. River Edge, NJ: World Scientific. 1998; Pp. 178–191.

Braver DJ, Modan M, Chetrit A, Lusky A, Braf Z. Drinking, micturition habits, and urine concentration as potential risk factors in urinary bladder cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1987; 78:437–40.

Bruemmer B, White E, Vaughan TL, Cheney CL. Fluid intake and the incidence of bladder cancer among middle-aged men and women in a three-county area of western Washington. Nutr Cancer 1997; 29:163–8.

Butte NF, Wong WW, Patterson BW, Garza C, Klein PD. Human-milk intake measured by administration of deuterium oxide to the mother: A comparison with the test-weighing technique. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 47:815–21.

Clark BA, Elahi D, Fish L, McAloon-Dyke M, Davis K, Minaker KL, Epstein FH. A trial natriuretic peptide suppresses osmostimulated vasopressin release in young and elderly humans. Am J Physiol 1991; 261:E252–E256.

Consolazio CF, Johnson RE, Pecora LJ. 1963. Physiological Measurements of Metabolic Functions in Man. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Consolazio CF, Matoush LO, Johnson HL, Nelson RA, Krzywicki HJ. Metabolic aspects of acute starvation in normal humans (10 days). Am J Clin Nutr 1967; 20:672–83

Costill DL. Sweating: Its composition and effects on body fluids. Ann NY Acad Sci 1977;301:160–74

Costill DL, Fink WJ. Plasma volume changes following exercise and thermal dehydration. J Appl Physiol 1974; 37:521–5

Costill DL, Saltin B. Factors limiting gastric emptying during rest and exercise. J Appl Physiol 1974; 37:679–83.

Cummings JH, Hill MJ, Jenkins DJA, Pearson JR, Wiggins HS. Changes in faecal composition and colonic function due to cereal fibre. Am J Clin Nutr 1976; 29:1468–73.

Durkot MJ, Martinez O, Brooks-McQuade D, Francesconi R. Simultaneous determination of fluid shifts during thermal stress in a small-animal model. J Appl Physiol 1986; 61:1031–34.

Epstein M. Aging and the kidney: Clinical implications. Am Fam Physician 1985; 31:123–37

Falk B, Bar-Or O, Calvert R, MacDougall JD. Sweat gland response to exercise in the heat among pre-, mid-, and late-pubertal boys. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992a ; 24:313–9.

Falk B, Bar-Or O, MacDougall JD. Thermoregulatory responses of pre-, mid-, and late-pubertal boys to exercise in dry heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992b ; 24:688–94.

Fomon SJ. Body composition of the male reference infant during the first year of life. Pediatrics 1967; 40:863–70.

Fortney SM, Nadel ER, Wenger CB, Bove JR.. Effect of blood volume on sweating rate and body fluids in exercising humans. J Appl Physiol 1981; 51:1594–600.

Fortney SM, Wenger CB, Bove JR, Nadel ER. Effect of hyperosmolality on control of blood flow and sweating. J Appl Physiol 1984; 57:1688–95.

Freund BJ, Young AJ. Environmental influences on body fluid balance during exercise: Cold exposure. In: Buskirk ER, Puhl SM, eds. Body Fluid Balance: Exercise and Sport. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 1996; Pp. 159–181.

Freund BJ, Montain SJ, Young AJ, Sawka MN, DeLuca JP, Pandolf KB, Valeri CR. Glycerol hyperhydration: Hormonal, renal, and vascular fluid responses. J Appl Physiol 1995; 79:2069–77.

Goellner MH, Ziegler EE, Formon SJ. Urination during the first three years of life. Nephron 1981; 28:174–8.

Gunga HC, Maillet A, Kirsch K, Rocker L, Gharib C, Vaernes R. Water and salt turnover. Adv Space Biol Med 1993; 3:185–200.

Guyton AC, Hall JE. 2000. Textbook of Medical Physiology, 10th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.

Haussinger D, Lang F, Gerok W. Regulation of cell function by the cellular hydration state. Am J Physiol 1994; 267:E343–E355.

Knepper MA, Valtin H, Sands JM. Renal actions of vasopressin. In: Fray JCS, Goodman HM, eds. Handbook of Physiology, Section 7, Volume III: Endocrine Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Balance. New York: Oxford University Press. 2000; Pp. 496–529.

Kuno Y. 1956. Human Perspiration. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher.

Kushner RF, Schoeller DA. Estimation of total body water by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 1986; 44:417–24.

Kushner RF, Schoeller DA, Fjeld CR, Danford L. Is the impedance index (ht2/R) significant in predicting total body water? Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 56:835–9.

Lindeman RD, Lee TD Jr, Yiengst MJ, Shock NW. Influence of age, renal disease, hypertension, diuretics, and calcium on the antidiuretic responses to suboptimal infusions of vasopressin. J Lab Clin Med 1966; 68:206–23.

Lloyd LE, McDonald BE, Crampton EW. Water and its metabolism. In: Fundamentals of Nutrition, 2nd ed. San Francisco: WH Freeman. 1978; Pp. 22–35

Luft FC, Fineberg NS, Sloan RS, Hunt JN. The effect of dietary sodium and protein on urine volume and water intake. J Lab Clin Med 1983; 101:605–10.

Maughan RJ, Griffin J. Caffeine ingestion and fluid balance: a review. J. Hum. Nutr. Dietet. 2003; 16: 411-420

Montain SJ, Laird JE, Latzka WA, Sawka MN. Aldosterone and vasopressin responses in the heat: Hydration level and exercise intensity effects. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997; 29:661–68.

Montain SJ, Sawka MN, Latzka WA, Valeri CR. Thermal and cardiovascular strain from hypohydration: Influence of exercise intensity. Int J Sports Med 1998a ; 19:87–91.

Montain SJ, Sawka MN, Wenger CB. Hyponatremia associated with exercise: Risk factors and pathogenesis. Exerc Sports Sci Rev 2001; 29:113–7.

Montner P, Stark DM, Riedesel ML, Murata G, Robergs R, Timms M, Chick TW. Pre-exercise glycerol hydration improves cycling endurance time. Int J Sports Med 1996; 17:27–33.

Morimoto T. Thermoregulation and body fluids: Role of blood volume and central venous pressure. Jpn J Physiol 1990; 40:165–79.

Moroff SV, Bass DE. Effects of over-hydration on man’s physiological responses to work in the heat. J Appl Physiol 1965; 20:267–70.

Nadel ER, Fortney SM, Wenger CB. Effect of hydration state on circulatory and thermal regulations. J Appl Physiol 1980; 49:715–21.

Newburgh LH, Woodwell Johnston M, Falcon-Lesses M. Measurement of total water exchange. J Clin Invest 1930; 8:161–96.

Noakes TD, Wilson G, Gray DA, Lambert MI, Dennis SC. Peak rates of dieresis in healthy humans during oral fluid overload. S Afr Med J 2001; 91:852–57.

Nose H, Morimoto T, Ogura K. Distribution of water losses among fluid compartments of tissues under thermal dehydration in the rat. Jpn J Physiol 1983; 33:1019–29.

Nose H, Mack GW, Shi X, Nadel ER. Role of osmolality and plasma volume during re-hydration in humans. J Appl Physiol 1988;65:325–31.

Schloerb PR, Friis-Hansen BJ, Edelman IS, Solomon AK, Moore FD. The measurement of total body water in the human subject by deuterium oxide dilution. J Clin Invest 1950; 29:1296–310.

O’Brien C, Young AJ, Sawka MN. Hypohydration and thermoregulation in cold air. J Appl Physiol 1998; 84:185–9.

O’Brien C, Baker-Fulco CJ, Young AJ, Sawka MN. Bioimpedance assessment of hypohydration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999; 31:1466–71.

Olsson K-E, Saltin B. Variation in total body water with muscle glycogen changes in man. Acta Physiol Scand 1970; 80:11–8.

Popowski LA, Oppliger RA, Lambert GP, Johnson RF, Johnson AK, Gisolf CV. Blood and urinary measures of hydration status during progressive acute dehydration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33:747–53.

Posthauer ME. Hydration: an essential nutrient. Adv. Skin Wound Care 2005 Jan – Feb; 18 (1): 32-3

Raman A, Schoeller DA, Subar AF, Troiano RP, Schatzkin A, Harris T, Bauer D, Bingham S, Everhart J, Newman AB, Tylavsky FA. Water turnover in 458 US adults 40–79 years of age. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 286:F394–F401.

Rehrer NJ, Beckers EJ, Brouns F, Ten Hoor F, Saris WHM. Effects of dehydration on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal distress while running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990; 22:790–5.

Sawka MN. Physiological consequences of hypohydration: Exercise performance and thermoregulation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992; 24:657–70.

Sawka MN, Coyle EF. Influence of body water and blood volume on thermoregulation and exercise performance in the heat. In: Holloszy, ed. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. Vol 27. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. 1999; Pp. 167–218.

Sawka MN, Montain SJ. Fluid and electrolyte balance: Effects on thermoregulation and exercise in the heat. In: Bowman BA, Russell RM, eds. Present Knowledge in Nutrition, 8th ed. Washington, DC: ILSI Press. 2001; Pp. 115–124.

Ship JA, Fischer DJ. Metabolic indicators of hydration status in the prediction of parotid salivary-gland function. Arch Oral Biol 1999; 44:343–50.

Shore AC, Markandu ND, Sagnella GA, Singer DRJ, Forsling ML, Buckley MG, Sugden AL, MacGregor GA. Endocrine and renal response to water loading and water restriction in normal man. Clin Sci 1988; 75:171–7.

Singer RN, Weiss SA. Effects of weight reduction on selected anthropometric, physical and performance measures of wrestlers. Res Q 1968; 39:361–9.

Watanabe T, Hashimoto M, Wada M, Imoto T, Miyoshi M, Sadamitsu D, Maekawa T. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor inhibits dehydration-enhanced fever induced by endotoxin in rats. Am J Physiol 2000; 279:R1512–R1516.

Wenger CB. Heat of evaporation of sweat: Thermodynamic considerations. J Appl Physiol 1972; 32:456–9.

West JB. Regulation of volume and osmolality of the body fluids. In: West JB, ed. Best and Taylor’s Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 11th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. 1990; Pp. 478–485.

Yamamura T, Takahashi T, Kusunoki M, Kantoh M, Seino Y, Utsunomiya J. Gallbladder dynamics and plasma cholecystokinin responses after meals, oral water, or sham feeding in healthy subjects. Am J Med Sci 1988; 295:102–7.

Young AJ, Muza SR, Sawka MN, Pandolf KB. Human vascular fluid responses to cold stress are not altered by cold acclimation. Undersea Biomed Res 1987; 14:215–28.

HIDRATACIÓN EN ANCIANOS

Baumgartner RN, Stauber PM, McHugh D, Koehler KM, Garry PJ. Cross-sectional age differences in body composition in persons 60+ years of age. J Gerontol 1995; 50A:M307–M316.

Chassagne P. Clinical presentation of hypernatremia in elderly patients: a case control study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006; 54: 1.225-30

Crowe MJ, Forsling ML, Rolls BJ, Phillips PA, Ledingham JGG, Smith RF. Altered water excretion in healthy elderly men. Age Ageing 1987; 16:285–93.

Dontas AS, Marketos S, Papanayiotou P. Mechanisms of renal tubular defects in old age. Postgrad Med J 1972; 48:295–303.

Ferry M. Strategies for ensuring good hydration in the elderly. Nutrition Reviews 2005; 63(6): S22-S29.

Garcia ME. 2001. Dehydration of the elderly in nursing homes. Nutrition Noteworthy; 4(1): art.2

Helderman JH, Vestal RE, Rowe JW, Tobin JD, Andres R, Robertson GL. The response of arginine vasopressin to intravenous ethanol and hypertonic saline in man: The impact of aging. J. Gerontol 1978; 33:39–47.

Holben DH et al. Fluid intake compared with established standards and symptoms of dehydration among elderly residents of a long-term-care facility. J Am Diet Assoc 1999; 99(11): 1447-50.

Holman C, Roberts S, Nicol M. Promoting adequate hydration in older people. Nurse Older People 2005 Jun; 17(4): 31-2

Kenney WL, Tankersley CG, Newswanger DL, Hyde DE, Puhl SM, Turner NL. Age and hypohydration independently influence the peripheral vascular response to heat stress. J Appl Physiol 1990; 68:1902–8.

Macias-Nunez JF, Garcia-Iglesias C, Bondia-Roman A, Rodriguez-Commes JL, Corbacho-Becerra L, Tabernero-Romo JM, De Castro del Pozo S. Renal handling of sodium in old people: A functional study. Age Ageing 1978; 7:178–81.

Macias-Nunez JF, Garcia-Iglesias C, Tabernero-Romo JM, Rodriguez-Commes JL, Corbacho-Becerra L, Sanchez-Tomero JA. Renal management of sodium under indomethacin and aldosterone in the elderly. Age Ageing 1980; 9:165–72.

Mack GW, Weseman CA, Langhans GW, Scherzer H, Gillen CM, Nadel ER. Body fluid balance in dehydrated healthy older men: Thirst and renal osmoregulation. J Appl Physiol 1994; 76:1615–23.

McAloon-Dyke M, David KM, Clark BA, Fish LC, Elahi D, Minaker KL. Effects of hypertonicity on water intake in the elderly: An age-related failure. Geriatr Nephrol Urol 1997; 7:11–6.

Mentes JC, Chang BL, Morris J. Keeping nursing home residents hydrated. West J Nurs Res 2006; 28: 392-406

Mentes JC. A typology of oral hydration: problems exhibited by frail nursing home residents. J Geront Nurs 2006; 32(1): 13-9

Miller JH, Shock NW. Age differences in the renal tubular response to antidiuretic hormone. J Gerontol 1953; 8:446–50.

Miller PD, Krebs RA, Neal BJH, McIntyre DO. Hypodipsia in geriatric patients. Am J Med 1982; 73:354–56.

Murphy DJ, Minaker KL, Fish LC, Rowe JW. Impaired osmostimulation of water ingestion delays recovery from hyperosmolarity in normal elderly. Gerontologist 1988; 28:A141.

Roth J, Schulze K, Simon E, Zeisberger E. Alteration of endotoxin fever and release of arginine vasopressin by dehydration in the guinea pig. Neuroendocrinology 1992; 56:680–6.

Rowe JW, Shock NW, DeFronzo RA. The influence of age on the renal response to water deprivation in man. Nephron 1976; 17:270–8.

Rowe JW, Minaker KL, Sparrow D, Robertson GL. Age-related failure of volume-pressure-mediated vasopressin release. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982; 54:661–4.

Schols JM, De Groot CP, van der Cammen TJ, Olde Rikkert MG. Preventing and treating dehydration in the elderly during periods of illness and warm weather. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009 Feb;13(2):150-7.

Seymour DG, Henschke PJ, Cape RDT, Campbell AJ. Acute confusional states and dementia in the elderly: The role of dehydration/volume depletion, physical illness and age. Age Ageing 1980; 9:137–46.

Snyder NA, Fiegal DW, Arieff AI. Hypernatremia in elderly patients. A heterogeneous, morbid, and iatrogenic entity. Ann Intern Med 1987; 107:309–19.

Strydom NB, Holdsworth LD. The effects of different levels of water deficit on physiological responses during heat stress. Int Z Angew Physiol 1968; 26:95–102.

Sullivan RJ. Fluid intake and hydration: critical indicators of nursing home quality. NC Med J 2005; 66(4): 296-9.

Susset J. The hazards of excessive fluid intake. J Urol Nurs 1993; 12:605–8.

Van Loan MD, Boileau RA. Age, gender, and fluid balance. In: Buskirk ER, Puhl SM, eds. Body Fluid Balance: Exercise and Sport. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 1996; Pp. 215–230.

Visser M, Gallagher D. Age-related change in body water and hydration in old age. In: Arnaud MJ, ed. Hydration Throughout Life. Montrouge, France: John Libbey Eurotext. 1998; Pp. 117–125.

Vivanti A, Harvey K, Ash S. Developing a quick and practical screen to improve the identification of poor hydration in geriatric and rehabilitative care. . Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2010; 50(2):156-64.

Wakefield B et al. Monitoring hydration status in elderly veterans. West J Nurs Res 2002; 24: 132-142.

Weinberg AD, Pals JK, Levesque PG, Beal LF, Cunnigham TJ, Minaker KL. Dehydration and death during febrile episodes in the nursing home. J Am Geriatr Soc 1994a; 42:968–71.

Weinberg AD, Pals JK, McGlinchey-Berroth R, Minaker KL. Indices of dehydration among frail nursing home patients: Highly variable but stable over time. J Am Geriatr Soc 1994b ; 42:1070–3.

Worfolk JB. Heat waves: their impact on the health of elders. Geriatr Nurs 2000; 21: 70-7.

HIDRATACIÓN EN NIÑOS

Ballauff A, Kersting M, Manz F. Do children have an adequate fluid intake? Water balance studies carried out at home. Ann Nutr Metab 1988; 32:332–9.

Bar-Or O, Dotan R, Inbar O, Rotshtein A, Zonder H. Voluntary hypohydration in 10 to 12 year old boys. J Appl Physiol 1980; 48:104–8.

Cohen RJ, Brown KH, Rivera LL, Dewey KG. Exclusively breastfed, low birthweight term infants do not need supplemental water. Acta Paediatr 2000; 89:550–2.

Falk B. Effects of thermal stress during rest and exercise in the paediatric population. Sports Med 1998; 25:221–40

Fusch C, Hungerland E, Scharrer B, Moeller H. Water turnover of healthy children measured by deuterated water elimination. Eur J Pediatr 1993; 152:110–4.

Meyer F, Bar-Or O, Salsberg A, Passe D. Hypohydration during exercise in children: Effect on thirst, drinking preferences, and rehydration. Int J Sport Nutr 1994; 4:22–35.

Novak LP. Changes in total body water during adolescent growth. Hum Biol 1989; 61:407–14

Smith S. Clinical signs of dehydration in children. Emerg Med J. 2007 Aug;24(8):605.


HIDRATACIÓN EN SITUACIONES ESPECIALES

Adam GE, Carter R 3rd, Cheuvront SN, Merullo DJ, Castellani JW, Lieberman HR, Sawka MN. Hydration effects on cognitive performance during military tasks in temperate and cold environments. Physiol. Behav 2008; 93 (4-5): 748-58

Almroth S, Bidinger PD. No need for water supplementation for exclusively breast-fed infants under hot and arid conditions. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1990; 84:602–4.
 
Anand IS, Chandrashekhar Y. Fluid metabolism at high altitudes. In: Marriott BM, Carlson SJ, eds. Nutritional Needs in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 1996; Pp. 331–356.
 
Araki T, Toda Y, Matsushita K, Tsujino A. Age differences in sweating during muscular exercise. Jpn J Phys Fitness Sports Med 1979; 28:239–48.
Armstrong LE, Hubbard RW, Jones BH, Daniels JT. Preparing Alberto Salazar for the heat of the 1984 Olympic marathon. Phys Sports Med 1986; 14:73–81.

Borghi L, Meschi T, Amato F, Briganti A, Novarini A, Giannini A. Urinary volume, water and recurrences in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis: A 5-year randomized prospective study. J Urol 1996; 155:839–843.

Brown AH. Water requirements of man in the desert. In: Adolph EF, ed. Physiology of Man in the Desert. New York: Intersciences Publishers. 1947b ; Pp. 115–135.

Brown AH. Water shortage in the desert. In: Adolph EF, ed. Physiology of Man in the Desert. New York: Intersciences Publishers. 1947c ; Pp. 136–159.

Burge CM, Carey MF, Payne WR. Rowing performance, fluid balance, and metabolic function following dehydration and rehydration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993; 25:1358–64.

Buskirk ER, Iampietro PF, Bass DE. Work performance after dehydration: Effects of physical conditioning and heat acclimatization. J Appl Physiol 1958; 12:189–94.

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MECANISMO DE LA SED

Engell DB, Maller O, Sawka MN, Francesconi RN, Drolet L, Young AJ. 1987. Thirst and fluid intake following graded hypohydration levels in humans. Physiol Behav 40:229–236

Fish LC, Minaker KL, Rowe JW. 1985. Altered thirst threshold during hypertonic stress in aging men. Gerontologist 25:A118–A119.

Fitzsimons JT. 1976. The physiological basis of thirst. Kidney Int
10:3–11.

Phillips PA, Rolls BJ, Ledingham JGG, Forsling ML, Morton JJ, Crowe MJ, Wollner L. 1984. Reduced thirst after water deprivation in healthy elderly men. N Engl J Med 311:753–759.

Rolls BJ, Rolls ET. 1982. Thirst. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Stachenfeld NS, Mack GW, Takamata A, DiPietro L, Nadel ER. 1996. Thirst and fluid regulatory responses to hypertonicity in older adults. Am J Physiol 271: R757–R765.

Stachenfeld NS, DiPietro L, Nadel ER, Mack GW. 1997. Mechanism of attenuated thirst in aging: Role of central volume receptors. Am J Physiol 272:R148–R157.